Civil War Food - What Union and Confederate Soldiers Ate

The modern U.S. army has a wide array of food products available to them in base camps and in the field. There are a large number of MREs (which are actually quite tasty) and other portable foods available to them when on missions and when stationed in hostile terrain. And when posted at an established base camp, the food that is prepared is also quite good. A large part of this is of course the ready availability of large quantities of any sort of food imaginable in today's modern environment. In fact, today's soldiers have the best food ever made available to a fighting force.

But it wasn't always that way.

Take the Civil War. Civil War food kept the soldiers fed and not much else. Lets take a look at the diet that comprised the typical Civil War food ration. There were several issues that affected the food that was supplied to the Civil War soldiers. These include the organization of the Commissary Department - which was tasked with the acquisition and distribution of food to the soldiers in the field, the season which determined if fresh food was available or if it was preserved in some way and the ability of the food to stay good for long term storage and transportation.

Civil War Food - What Union and Confederate Soldiers Ate

Prior to the war, the concentration of Commissaries was in the North so when the Civil War began, the North had a great advantage as they already had an existing Commissary Department that was already trained in how to acquire and transport food to soldiers in the field. Their job was to work with the troop numbers and schedules and keep a constant supply of foods going to each area where troops were stationed so that the soldiers could keep on fighting without worrying about where their next meal would be coming from. It took the Confederacy several years to develop a working Commissary so being a soldier of the South was more difficult. It required real dedication to be fighting when you didn't know where your next meal was coming from. Because of this lack of infrastructure, the South had to do a lot of foraging for food between battles until the supply lines were up and operational.

Civil War soldier food was typically very simple fare - often consisting of meat, coffee, sugar and hardtack - a type of dried biscuit. The meat was often salted or dried so it would last a bit longer and fruits and vegetables were rarities on the battlefield. Because the soldiers were often in the field, they needed to carry rations with them. They had a special bag - called a haversack - which was made of canvas with an inner cloth bag that could be washed to get food debris cleaned out once in a while. But even with this design, the bags were often quite contaminated and foul smelling. Cleanliness was typically not high on the Civil War soldiers priority list.

Union soldiers and Confederate soldiers typically had a different mix of rations. A Union soldier might have salt pork, fresh or salted beef, coffee, sugar, salt, vinegar, dried fruit and vegetables. And if it was in season, they might have fresh carrots, onions, turnips and potatoes. A Confederate soldier typically had bacon, corn meal, tea, sugar, molasses and the very occasional fresh vegetable.

The other difference in Civil War food between the Union and Confederate armies was the type of bread product they had available to them. Confederate soldiers had something called "Johnnie Cake" that they made in the field from cornmeal, milk and a few other ingredients. The Union soldiers had hardtack, also referred to as "tooth dullers" or "sheet iron crackers". Hardtack was manufactured in large factories in the North and was a staple food for the Union soldiers. Hardtack got its name because it was often not used until months after it was made and during that time, it hardened rock solid which is how it got its nicknames.

As you can see, food has come a long way due to the advent of technologies that allow for better preservation of a wide variety of foods. Gone are the days of weevil infested hardtack. They have been replaced with modern vacuum seal technologies that allow foods to stay fresh and tasty years after they have been packages. And since they say an army is run by its stomach, it is no surprise that the modern soldier is the best the world has ever seen.

Civil War Food - What Union and Confederate Soldiers Ate
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Are you a fan of the American Civil War?

Do you love reading about its history?

If that describes you, you need to check out The Civil War Omnibus - the most comprehensive digital collection of Civil War works available. The Civil War Omnibus represents 100s of key and hard to find references to the Civil War for any fan of the war.

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The Check Engine Light - How to Reset and Turn Off the Check Engine Light

It used to be easy to reset and turn off the check engine light. For vehicles manufactured and sold prior to 1996, there are a few cheap and easy fixes. One popular fix is to disconnect the negative terminal on the battery and turn on the headlights for ten to fifteen minutes. Draining the power in the car's capacitor will also reset the computer and turn off the check engine light.

This may be popular but it's not really a good idea. For one thing, it will clear the presets on your car radio, clock and anti-theft devices. It will also clear the performance memory from the car's computer, which it will have to "re-learn" over the next forty or so driving trips. You will suffer both poorer driving performance and lose gas mileage while it does so.

Manufactured

A similar cheap and easy fix is to find and pull the fuse to the ECU (Engine Control Unit). This has the same disadvantages as disconnecting the battery.

The Check Engine Light - How to Reset and Turn Off the Check Engine Light

A better idea - especially for cars sold in the U.S. from 1996 to the present - is to read the owner's manual. In some cases the manual will tell you how to reset the check engine light, usually through a series of prescribed pedal pressing and button pushing and so on.

Most often, however, the manual will give you the sage advice to take your vehicle to an authorized dealer.

You can take your car to the dealer where they will check its computer for trouble codes and reset the check engine light. On some occasions it may be a minor problem such as a loose gas cap, though it certainly could be something more serious. In any case taking your vehicle to the dealer for a check engine light will not be cheap.

Another way to turn off the check engine light is to simply wait it out. If the trouble that caused it to turn on in the first place is not persistent and goes away, the check engine light should go out after several driving trips. If the light stays on, however, the trouble is still with your vehicle and should be checked.

One of the best ideas is to invest in a diagnostic tool or scanner. Such a tool connects easily to your car's computer through an input under the dash near your knee. The scanner retrieves the computer's trouble codes that help diagnose the problem. It will also reset and turn off the check engine light without clearing everything else in your car's computer.

Another nice thing about the better scanners is their ability to indicate your vehicle's state emissions status - whether you are likely to pass or fail the emissions test.

Once you you have turned off the check engine light, it is a good idea to drive your vehicle for a good fifteen minutes or so - and at highway speeds if possible. If the light comes back on, it may mean a real problem that should be checked by an ASE-certified technician.

To learn more about saving time and money with a diagnostic scanner, click on the link below.

The Check Engine Light - How to Reset and Turn Off the Check Engine Light

Click Here [http://obdiidiagnosticscanners.com/] For How To Use A Diagnostic Scanner To Reset And Turn Off The Check Engine Light.

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How to Make an Ultrasonic Cleaner - A Simple, Quick & Dirty DIY

Building your own ultrasonic cleaner at home can be a fun do-it-yourself project. While a factory manufactured ultrasonic cleaner will give you a trouble free cleaning experience, the one that you build yourself will give you oodles of satisfaction. To get this off the ground a little knowledge of physics, audio setup, and hardware would come in handy and also help you design the cleaner with a little more ease, not knowing is definitely not a downer at all. You can pick up along the way and what you don't know or understand you can learn on the job!

The materials required for building the parts of the cleaner include an oscilloscope, two ultrasonic transducers, a good sound card, a linear amplifier, a soldering iron, a solder, old RCA audio cables and a container made of stainless steel. The container should be made of just a single layer of steel. So, even a cookie tray will suffice.

If you don't have a linear amplifier and a capable sound card, you can toy with the idea of buying an ultrasonic generator separately. However, this would defeat the main purpose of building a low cost cleaner yourself. Besides, most of the ultrasonic generators currently sold in the market have enough output power to drive only one transducer.

How to Make an Ultrasonic Cleaner - A Simple, Quick & Dirty DIY

You can buy the ultrasonic transducers online. You need to ensure that the transducers are designed only for cleaning purposes. The 55 watt transducers are good enough. Getting an oscilloscope is not mandatory. It only helps measure the frequency of the sound waves generated when the sound card is put to use. This frequency should be powerful enough to drive the transducers.

It would be a good idea to determine the maximum sampling rate or the frequency response of the sound card after checking its specifications with the manufacturer. This will give you the maximum output frequency of your sound card and will help you decide if it's suitable enough to drive the transducers.

The RMS of the power and the frequency of the linear amplifier must be greater than that required to drive the transducers. Ultrasonic amplifiers are nothing but regular audio amplifiers. The stainless steel container is the best choice as it resistant to corrosion and also resonates sound waves. A temperature-controlled soldering iron is very useful, but optional.

Process of building the ultrasonic cleaner is tres simple:
* The transducers are best placed diagonally in the cleaning tank to ensure even cavitation. The gap between the transducers and the tank must be minimal.
* The ends of the RCA cable should be cut and each end should be soldered to a different pad. One wire per pad is the requirement.
* The other (free) end of the cable must be plugged into the amplifier output. Choosing the right or left channel is of no consequence.
* The sound card is to be plugged into the input of the amplifier. This completes the setup process.
* You can then fill the container with cleaning solution and switch on the amplifier.

And you have a functional unit that should give you, if not top notch cleaning, at least the satisfaction of having built a piece of complex hardware on your own! Of course this DIY neglects the more rigorous testing and quality assurance checks that you would get from get from an off the shelf factory assembled ultrasonic cleaner. But that's not the point is it?

How to Make an Ultrasonic Cleaner - A Simple, Quick & Dirty DIY
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Dr. Bob Sandor is a Director at Tovatech, a leading North American supplier of ultrasonic cleaners. When not busy running his company, he explores his fascination with the many aspects of various scientific & industrial devices. For more details on the above you can reach him through the ultrasonic cleaner section of his website.

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The One Minute Cure - Is There Any Truth Behind Hydrogen Peroxide Therapy and the One Minute Cure?

The practice of Ingested Oxygen Therapy to cure disease as described in the "One Minute Cure", may after all be a well grounded theory. Although levels of oxygen in our atmosphere have remained pretty constant over millennia, our modern way of life could mean less oxygen is entering our bodies. The World Health Organisation has stated that up to 2 million deaths a year are probably due to air pollution.

It is known that Sulphur dioxide can cause broncho-constriction and nitrogen dioxide damages the lining of airways contributing to the reduction of oxygen intake. Further, carbon monoxide lowers the ability of blood to carry oxygen. Is it any wonder our health suffers as a consequence. And, it doesn't stop there. Pollution may not be the only reason why we lack oxygen intake! Drinking chlorinated water and eating processed foods can also mean a reduction in oxygen intake. Foods packaged by nature are a far cry from the dead and lifeless foods served up by the food industry. Vitamins and minerals are not the only things we deprive ourselves of, when we resort to manufactured goods!

Unsaturated fatty acids are essential for the cellular utilization of oxygen. However, their limited shelf-life has given the food industry plenty of reason to favour synthetic fats and other less healthy processes like hydrogenation. The increasing tendency for unrestrained antibiotic use not only kills bad bacteria but also the beneficial oxygen producing bacteria. An interesting fact to note is that cancer cells thrive in low oxygen environments. In fact, scientists have shown that the treatment of certain cancers and tumors can be greatly enhanced if they increase the concentration of oxygen in and around where the cancer is located!

The One Minute Cure - Is There Any Truth Behind Hydrogen Peroxide Therapy and the One Minute Cure?

Several of the most common ailments facing westerners today are directly related to oxygen starvation. Asthma, emphysema and lung disease are all on the rise! Given the above, it doesn't take too much imagination to understand why ingested oxygen therapy using food grade Hydrogen Peroxide (which does occur naturally in the body) might actually work as claimed in the one minute cure. Perhaps we really are being misled by the medical establishment?

The One Minute Cure - Is There Any Truth Behind Hydrogen Peroxide Therapy and the One Minute Cure?
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Visit Anti Aging Empire to understand more about Oxygen Therapy and a comprehensive review of the One Minute Cure.

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